Who Was When

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Champa

East Asia & PacificHeartland today: Vietnam

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Series of Cham coastal kingdoms in what is now central and southern Vietnam, from about 192 CE. Cham rulers built the Hindu temples of Mỹ Sơn and fought Đại Việt and the Khmer until Vijaya fell in 1471.

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Key events

  1. After a revolt against Chinese rule, a kingdom the Chinese call Linyi (Lâm Ấp in Vietnamese) appears, traditionally counted as the first Cham kingdomDisputed

    EBSCO's article on the Champa civil wars dates Champa's origin to the 1st or 2nd century BCE. Some historians, such as Michael Vickery, doubt that Linyi was a Cham state at all.

  2. – Cham rulers build the Hindu tower-temples of Mỹ Sơn, over some nine centuries

    The dates are the first year of the 4th century and the last year of the 13th, the span both sources give.

  3. Lê Đại Hành captures and destroys the Cham capital Indrapura

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  4. A Cham fleet sails up the Mekong and takes the Khmer capital Yaśodharapura

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  5. Đại Việt forces take Vijaya, the Cham capital, and annex a large part of Champa's territoryDisputed

    EBSCO's article on the Champa civil wars says Đại Việt took more than a third of Champa's territory; its articles on the Battle of Vijaya and on Lê Thánh Tông say more than half.

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  6. – A small Cham state survives south of Cape Varella until Vietnam's Nguyễn rulers annex itDisputed

    EBSCO gives no year for the annexation and names the Nguyễn lords. 1832 is the end date in World History Encyclopedia's interview with a Cham art historian, and Wikipedia says Minh Mạng annexed the remnant in 1832.

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