Vietnam

Timeline

Oldest first

1. War

   French conquest of Vietnam1858–1885 CE

   France, with Spain (1858–1862) and local auxiliaries

   France, Spain, with troops from the Spanish Philippines (1858–1862), and Vietnamese auxiliaries in French service, among them Cochinchinese riflemen

   against

   Đại Nam (Nguyễn dynasty), the Black Flag Army and Qing China

   Đại Nam under the Nguyễn dynasty, Black Flag Army of Liu Yongfu, and Qing dynasty

   By 1885 France ruled all of Vietnam: Cochinchina as a colony, Annam and Tonkin as protectorates; in the Treaty of Tientsin the Qing recognised the French protectorate.

2. War

   First Indochina War1946–1954 CE

   French Union: France and the Associated States of Vietnam, Laos and Cambodia

   France, State of Vietnam, Kingdom of Laos, Kingdom of Cambodia, and United States (supporting)

   against

   Viet Minh (Democratic Republic of Vietnam) and allies

   Democratic Republic of Vietnam (Viet Minh), Pathet Lao, Khmer Issarak (United Issarak Front), China (supporting), and Soviet Union (supporting)

   France agreed at Geneva to armistices that left the Democratic Republic of Vietnam in the north and the State of Vietnam in the south, divided at the 17th parallel; the last French troops left the south in April 1956.

3. War

   Vietnam War1960–1975 CE

   North Vietnam, the Viet Cong and their allies

   Democratic Republic of Vietnam (North Vietnam), National Liberation Front (Viet Cong) and, from 1969, the Provisional Revolutionary Government, Pathet Lao, Khmer Rouge and, from 1970, the GRUNK, China, Soviet Union, and North Korea

   against

   South Vietnam, the United States and their allies

   Republic of Vietnam (South Vietnam), Kingdom of Laos (from 1959), Khmer Republic (1970–1975), United States, South Korea, Australia, New Zealand, Thailand, and Philippines

   The Republic of Vietnam surrendered on 30 April 1975; North and South were formally united as the Socialist Republic of Vietnam on 2 July 1976.