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Majapahit

East Asia & PacificHeartland today: Indonesia

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The last major Hindu-Buddhist kingdom of Java, founded in 1293 and based at Trowulan. At its height under Hayam Wuruk and Gajah Mada it claimed supremacy across the archipelago, though it directly ruled only its core.

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Key events

  1. Raden Wijaya uses a Mongol force to defeat Jayakatwang, then expels the Mongols and founds MajapahitDisputed

    Britannica has the Mongol troops arriving in 1292. New World Encyclopedia and Wikipedia date the founding to 1293, and the Pararaton dates Raden Wijaya's settlement at Trik to 1292.

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  2. – Under King Hayam Wuruk and the minister Gajah Mada, Majapahit extends its power across the archipelagoDisputed

    The core was ruled directly. The outlying territory acknowledged the king's supremacy but was under little direct control, and how far Majapahit's authority reached is debated.

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  3. The poet Prapanca completes the Nagarakretagama, a poem describing King Hayam Wuruk's realm

    Both sources date the work to 1365. It is a court poem, so its picture of the realm is Prapanca's, not an independent survey.

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  4. Majapahit attacks PalembangDisputed

    EBSCO gives 1377. Britannica says only the late 14th century.

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  5. Hayam Wuruk dies after dividing the kingdom between a nephew and his son, and Majapahit declinesDisputed

    Britannica and New World Encyclopedia give 1389. Wikipedia's infobox gives 1389 or 1399, citing Sastrawan (2020) on the Pararaton.

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  6. – Majapahit ends as the Islamic states of Java's north coast grow in powerDisputed

    New World Encyclopedia says dates for the end range from 1478 (Saka 1400, a century's end) to about 1527, when it succumbed to Demak. Wikipedia dates the Demak conflicts and the end to 1478 to 1527. Britannica says only the late 15th or early 16th century.

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