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Grand Principality of Moscow

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A small principality on the upper Volga lands that grew into the centre of northeastern Rus. Its princes collected tribute for the Golden Horde, took Novgorod in 1478, and in 1547 Ivan IV was crowned tsar in the Kremlin.

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Key events

  1. After Tver's uprising against the Horde, Khan Uzbek names Ivan I of Moscow grand prince and gives him a Tatar force that devastates Tver

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  2. Dmitry of Moscow and allied Rus princes beat the army of the emir Mamai at Kulikovo Field on 8 SeptemberDisputed

    Some scholars debate whether Mamai was beaten or withdrew. The battle did not end the Rus princes' vassalage to the khan.

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  3. Khan Tokhtamysh gets into the Kremlin by deceit, sacks Moscow, and Dmitry agrees to pay higher tribute

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  4. Ivan III takes the veche bell and ends Novgorod's independence, replacing its officials with his own governors

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  5. The Italian architect Aristotele Fioravanti finishes the Dormition Cathedral in the Kremlin for Ivan III

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  6. Ivan III's army and Khan Ahmad's face each other across the Ugra River until the khan withdraws in NovemberDisputed

    Russian tradition calls it the end of Mongol rule, but historians disagree. Some deny a battle took place, and others date the end of tribute to the 1450s or 1472. Sources also differ on the withdrawal: Encyclopedia.com gives 11 November, Wikipedia says it began on 8 November.

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  7. Ivan IV is crowned tsar in the Dormition Cathedral, taking a title that claims equal rank with emperors and khans

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