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Carolingian EmpireImperium Francorum
EuropeHeartland today: 
France and 
Germany
Before and after
In the Rhineland:Came before: Ancient Rome Came after: Holy Roman Empire
Roman rule on the Rhine ended in the 5th century; the Frankish Merovingian kings ruled in between.
Meanwhile…
- Tang dynasty唐
China · Tang census-takers counted roughly 53 million people in 754, and only around 17 million a decade later, after the An Lushan rebellion, a fall historians attribute partly to real deaths and displacement, and partly to a tax census that simply stopped functioning.
Compare - MuiscaMuysca
South America · Compare - Maya civilization
Mesoamerica · Oldest hereThe Maya Long Count calendar tracks days in an unbroken count from a mythical starting point in 3114 BCE.
Compare - Ancient RomeRoma
Europe · Tang court records describe envoys from 'Fulin', their name for Constantinople, arriving in 643 CE with gifts of red glass and precious stones.
Compare - Wari Empire
South America · Wari administrators built roads and way-stations across the highlands that the later Inca road system reused.
Compare - Mixtec civilizationÑuu Dzahui Mesoamerica · Compare
A Frankish empire built by conquest under Charlemagne, who was crowned Roman Emperor in Rome on Christmas Day 800, reviving the idea of a Western empire more than three centuries after Rome's last western emperor. It sponsored a revival of Latin learning and book production, then split among Charlemagne's grandsons within a single generation of his death.