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Wari Empire
South AmericaHeartland today: 
Peru
Before and after
In the south coast of Peru:Came before: Nazca culture
Power shifted from the coast to the highlands as Wari rose, around 650 CE.
In the Cusco region:Came after: Inca Empire
Wari held the Cusco area for about 400 years; the Inca rose there some centuries after Wari faded.
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The first state to unite much of the Peruvian highlands and coast under one administration, centuries before the Inca, spreading terrace farming and standardised architecture across the Andes.
Also alive at the same time
Key events
The city of Wari grows near modern Ayacucho as the centre of an expanding highland state
Sources
- Isbell, William H. & McEwan, Gordon F. (1991). Huari Administrative Structure. Dumbarton Oaks.
- Encyclopaedia Britannica. "Huari."
Wari forces take the Carahuarazo valley, abandoning some villages to build the administrative centre of Jincamocco
Sources
- Isbell, William H. & McEwan, Gordon F. (1991). Huari Administrative Structure. Dumbarton Oaks.
- Encyclopaedia Britannica. "Huari."
Wari administrators introduce terrace agriculture, shifting valley staples toward maize
Sources
- Isbell, William H. & McEwan, Gordon F. (1991). Huari Administrative Structure. Dumbarton Oaks.
- Encyclopaedia Britannica. "Huari."
Also happening around
Wari builders raise Pikillaqta, a walled grid-planned administrative centre near Cuzco
Sources
- Isbell, William H. & McEwan, Gordon F. (1991). Huari Administrative Structure. Dumbarton Oaks.
- Encyclopaedia Britannica. "Huari."
Also happening around
- Tang dynastyChina
- Moche cultureSouth America
- TiwanakuSouth America
- MuiscaSouth America
- Maya civilizationMesoamerica
- Zapotec civilizationMesoamerica
- Ancient RomeEurope
- Nazca cultureSouth America (uncertain overlap)
- TeotihuacanMesoamerica (uncertain overlap)
- Mixtec civilizationMesoamerica (uncertain overlap)
- Toltec civilizationMesoamerica (uncertain overlap)
– Wari's administrative network breaks down and its centres are abandonedDisputed
Whether collapse followed drought, internal revolt or loss of long-distance trade is still debated.
Sources
- Isbell, William H. & McEwan, Gordon F. (1991). Huari Administrative Structure. Dumbarton Oaks.
- Encyclopaedia Britannica. "Huari."
Also happening around
- Tang dynastyChina
- MuiscaSouth America
- Chimú cultureSouth America
- Maya civilizationMesoamerica
- Zapotec civilizationMesoamerica
- Mixtec civilizationMesoamerica
- Ancient RomeEurope
- VikingsEurope
- TiwanakuSouth America (uncertain overlap)
- Toltec civilizationMesoamerica (uncertain overlap)
- Holy Roman EmpireEurope (uncertain overlap)