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Western Zhou西周
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The Zhou conquest of Shang has no fixed date: the Xia–Shang–Zhou Chronology Project (2000) proposed 1046 BCE, and other reconstructions place it as early as 1122 BCE. The end is fixed more firmly: King You was killed and the capital Haojing sacked in 771 BCE, with the court moving east the following year.
Before and after
In the Central Plains of China:Came before: Shang dynasty Came after: Spring and Autumn period
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The Zhou overthrew the Shang and ruled from Hao, near modern Xi'an, developing the idea that Heaven grants and withdraws a ruler's mandate for just cause. Zhou kings parcelled out land to relatives and allies, planting the regional lords whose rivalries would shape China for the next eight centuries.
Also alive at the same time
Key events
Zhou armies under King Wu defeat the last Shang king at the Battle of Muye, founding the Zhou dynastyDisputed
1046 BCE is the Chronology Project's date; other proposals range from 1127 to 1018 BCE.
Sources
Zhou rulers justify their conquest with the doctrine of the Mandate of Heaven: a king's right to rule depends on just conduct, not birth alone
Sources
- Shaughnessy, Edward L. (1999). "Western Zhou History." In Loewe & Shaughnessy (eds), The Cambridge History of Ancient China, 292–351. Cambridge University Press.
- Li Feng (2006). Landscape and Power in Early China: The Crisis and Fall of the Western Zhou. Cambridge University Press.
– Zhou kings grant land to dozens of relatives and allies as hereditary lords, planting the regional states of later centuries
Sources
- Shaughnessy, Edward L. (1999). "Western Zhou History." In Loewe & Shaughnessy (eds), The Cambridge History of Ancient China, 292–351. Cambridge University Press.
- Li Feng (2006). Landscape and Power in Early China: The Crisis and Fall of the Western Zhou. Cambridge University Press.
The Gonghe Regency begins after King Li is driven into exile: the first year in Chinese history with a securely dated, unbroken yearly record
Sources
- Shaughnessy, Edward L. (1999). "Western Zhou History." In Loewe & Shaughnessy (eds), The Cambridge History of Ancient China, 292–351. Cambridge University Press.
- Li Feng (2006). Landscape and Power in Early China: The Crisis and Fall of the Western Zhou. Cambridge University Press.
Quanrong raiders, allied with a rival marquis, kill King You and sack the capital Haojing
Sources
- Shaughnessy, Edward L. (1999). "Western Zhou History." In Loewe & Shaughnessy (eds), The Cambridge History of Ancient China, 292–351. Cambridge University Press.
- Li Feng (2006). Landscape and Power in Early China: The Crisis and Fall of the Western Zhou. Cambridge University Press.
The Zhou court moves its capital east to Luoyi, near modern Luoyang, beginning the Eastern Zhou period
Sources
- Shaughnessy, Edward L. (1999). "Western Zhou History." In Loewe & Shaughnessy (eds), The Cambridge History of Ancient China, 292–351. Cambridge University Press.
- Li Feng (2006). Landscape and Power in Early China: The Crisis and Fall of the Western Zhou. Cambridge University Press.
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