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Qin dynasty秦
ChinaHeartland today: China
221 BCE marks Qin's unification of the last rival state. The dynasty's exact end is a one-year quibble: Xiang Yu deposed the child emperor Ziying in 207 BCE, but Liu Bang, founder of the Han, accepted Ziying's formal surrender in 206 BCE.
Before and after
In the Central Plains of China:Came before: Warring States period Came after: Han dynasty
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The short, brutal dynasty that first unified China, standardising script, coinage, weights and axle widths across a continent-sized state. Its first emperor is buried under a hill near Xi'an guarded by an army of life-size terracotta soldiers, but his empire barely outlived him by four years.
Also alive at the same time
Key events
Wars
Qin's wars of unification The state of QinQin dynasty
againstThe six other Warring States, each fighting Qin on its ownHan, Zhao, and its successor state of Dai, Yan, Wei, Chu, and Qi
Qin ruled the lands of all seven states; Ying Zheng took the title Shi Huangdi, First Emperor, and divided the empire into 36 commanderies.