Who Was When

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Hittites

Middle East & Central AsiaHeartland today: Türkiye

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An Anatolian kingdom ruled from Hattusa in central Turkey. Its kings sacked Babylon, fought Egypt at Kadesh and signed what is usually called the oldest surviving peace treaty. Its clay-tablet archives preserve the oldest written Indo-European language.

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Key events

  1. Hattusili I moves the Hittite capital to Hattusa and founds the kingdomDisputed
  2. Mursili I raids down the Euphrates and sacks Aleppo and BabylonDisputed
  3. – Suppiluliuma I reduces the kingdom of Mitanni to a Hittite vassal and takes CarchemishDisputed
  4. Muwatalli II's army meets Ramesses II of Egypt at Kadesh; both sides claim victory
  5. Hattusili III and Ramesses II agree a peace treaty, kept in Akkadian cuneiform at Hattusa and in hieroglyphs at KarnakDisputed
  6. – The Hittite empire breaks up and Hattusa is abandoned in the Late Bronze Age collapseDisputed