Türkiye

Timeline

Oldest first

1. War

   Greco-Persian Wars499–449 BCE

   Allied Greek city-states (the Hellenic League, then the Delian League)

   Athens, Sparta, Eretria, Plataea, Corinth and other allied Greek city-states, Ionian Greek cities of Asia Minor (in revolt 499–493 BCE and again from 479 BCE), Cypriot kingdoms under Onesilus of Salamis, all but Amathus (joined the Ionian Revolt, 497 BCE), and Egyptian rebels under Inaros, allied with the Delian League (about 460–454 BCE)

   against

   The Achaemenid Persian Empire and the Greek states that sided with it

   Achaemenid Empire and Macedon, a Persian vassal, with Thebes, Thessaly and other Greek states that sided with Persia in 480–479 BCE

   Persian forces left mainland Greece after 479 BCE and the Ionian cities broke away from Persian rule; fighting with the Delian League died out around 449 BCE, perhaps under a treaty, the Peace of Callias, whose existence is debated.

2. War

   Peloponnesian War431–404 BCE

   Athens and the Delian League

   Athens, Delian League cities of the Aegean islands and Greece, and allies such as Corcyra and Plataea, and Delian League cities of Asia Minor

   against

   Sparta, the Peloponnesian League and their allies

   Sparta, Corinth, Thebes and the other Peloponnesian League allies, Syracuse, and Achaemenid Persian Empire (allied with Sparta from 412 BCE; paid for its fleet)

   Athens surrendered in April 404 BCE: it pulled down its Long Walls, gave up its fleet and its overseas possessions, and was ruled for a short time by a Sparta-backed oligarchy, the Thirty.

3. War

   Fall of Constantinople1453 CE

   The Ottoman Empire

   Ottoman Empire and Serbian Despotate (cavalry its ruler was forced to send as an Ottoman vassal)

   against

   The Byzantine Empire and its allies

   Ancient Rome, Genoese soldiers under Giovanni Giustiniani, Venetians in the city, Ships and men sent by the Pope and by Alfonso of Aragon, and Ottoman prince Orhan Çelebi and his Turkish followers, who fought on the Byzantine side

   The Ottoman Empire took Constantinople on 29 May 1453 and made it its capital; the Byzantine Empire ended with the death of Constantine XI.

4. War

   World War I1914–1918 CE

   Allies (Entente)

   France, United Kingdom, Russian Empire (until 1917), Kingdom of Serbia, Kingdom of Italy (from 1915), and United States

   against

   Central Powers

   German Empire, Austria-Hungary, Ottoman Empire, and Kingdom of Bulgaria (from 1915)

   The Allies won: Germany signed an armistice on 11 November 1918 and the Treaty of Versailles in 1919, and the German, Austro-Hungarian, Russian and Ottoman empires broke up.

5. War

   Korean War1950–1953 CE

   North Korea, the Chinese People's Volunteer Army and the Soviet Union

   North Korea, Chinese People's Volunteer Army, and Soviet Union

   against

   South Korea and the United Nations Command

   South Korea, United States, United Kingdom, Australia, Netherlands, Canada, France, New Zealand, Philippines, Türkiye, Thailand, South Africa, Greece, Belgium, Luxembourg, Ethiopia, and Colombia

   An armistice, not a peace treaty, ended the fighting on 27 July 1953, with the front line close to the 38th parallel; Korea stayed divided.