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Caral–Supe civilization
South AmericaHeartland today: 
Peru
Dates vary by site: the wider Norte Chico region has settlement from about 3500 BCE, while the city of Caral itself is most firmly dated to roughly 2600–2000 BCE.
Meanwhile…
- Minoan civilization
Europe · Compare - Ancient EgyptKemet (km.t)
Africa · While Khufu's crews were stacking the Great Pyramid, the people of Caral in Peru were raising stepped platforms of their own without pottery or metal, and the sarsen trilithons went up at Stonehenge.
Compare - Maya civilization
Mesoamerica · Longest-lasting hereCompare - Valdivia culture
South America · Valdivia potters shaped small clay "Venus" figures of women, each with a distinct hairstyle, no two exactly alike.
Compare - Neolithic Britain
Europe · Oldest hereThe bluestones travelled further than the stones of any other prehistoric monument in Europe, roughly 200 km from Wales to Salisbury Plain.
Compare
The oldest known urban civilization in the Americas, built on Peru's arid north-central coast without pottery or a writing system. Its city of Caral raised stepped pyramids while Egypt's Old Kingdom pyramids were newly built.
Also alive at the same time
Key events
Áspero, a fishing settlement on the coast near Supe, is among the first Norte Chico sites to be occupied
Sources
- Shady Solís, Ruth (2006). "America's First City?" Springer.
- Haas, Jonathan, Creamer, Winifred & Ruiz, Alvaro (2004). "Dating the Late Archaic occupation of the Norte Chico region in Peru." Nature 432: 1020–1023.
The inland city of Caral is built, with six stepped pyramid platforms around a sunken circular plaza
Sources
- Shady Solís, Ruth (2006). "America's First City?" Springer.
- Encyclopaedia Britannica. "Caral."
Caral trades cotton grown inland for dried fish from the coast, tying farmers and fishers into one economy
Sources
- Shady Solís, Ruth (2006). "America's First City?" Springer.
- Mann, Charles C. (2005). 1491: New Revelations of the Americas Before Columbus. Knopf.
A knotted cord found at Caral is among the oldest known examples of a khipu-like recording deviceDisputed
Whether this cord functioned as a record-keeping device like the later Inca khipu is debated.
Sources
- Shady Solís, Ruth (2006). "America's First City?" Springer.
- Mann, Charles C. (2005). 1491. Knopf.
Caral is abandoned as the Norte Chico settlements decline, likely under drought and earthquake stressDisputed
The exact cause of decline is not settled; drought, earthquakes and shifting rivers have all been proposed.
Sources
- Shady Solís, Ruth (2006). "America's First City?" Springer.
- Encyclopaedia Britannica. "Caral."