资料来源与致谢
“同时代”的年代、名称和地点均取自开放的历史数据集，且从不照搬原文措辞——应用中的简短说明均为重新撰写，并对照原始资料核实。
本站数据：CC BY 4.0。代码：MIT。
PeriodO
公共领域各时期的年代范围，如有对应定义则以 id 关联。
年代范围按原样引用；未从 PeriodO 派生其他内容。
Wikidata
CC0各文明和战争的多语言名称、战争、战役和领导人指向延伸阅读的标识符，以及 Pleiades 未收录地点的地图标记坐标。
名称按原样引用；若 Wikidata 尚无某语言的词条，另行以机器翻译补充。
Cliopatria
CC BY 4.0罗马、埃及、加洛林帝国、神圣罗马帝国，秦、汉、唐、宋、元、明、清各朝，以及印加和阿兹特克的疆域地图和布匿战争地图所用的历史边界多边形。
为保持地图轻量快速，多边形已作简化处理，其公元前年份已换算为本站所用的纪年方式，并在标注来源的前提下以相同许可再发布。每幅地图的具体改动列于下方的引用文献中。其发布与 Seshat 自身数据集分开，许可条款也不同（见下文）。
Pleiades
CC BY事件地图标记所用的古代地点标识符与坐标。
坐标按原样引用。
乌普萨拉冲突数据项目（UCDP）
CC BY 4.01946年以来各场战争的日期和交战各方（UCDP/PRIO Armed Conflict Dataset v26.1），以及1989年以来的战斗死亡人数范围（UCDP Battle-Related Deaths Dataset v26.1），每项都注明统计截止日期。
将一场战争所含冲突和年份的低值与高值分别相加，以范围显示，并标为战斗死亡。其他内容未作改动。
引用格式：Davies, S., Pettersson, T. & Öberg, M. (2026). Organized violence 1989–2025, and violent political protests. Journal of Peace Research 63(4). Gleditsch, N. P., Wallensteen, P., Eriksson, M., Sollenberg, M. & Strand, H. (2002). Armed Conflict 1946–2001: A New Dataset. Journal of Peace Research 39(5). Pettersson, T. (2026). UCDP Battle-related Deaths Dataset Codebook v26.1.
Correlates of War（战争相关因素）
仅引用个别事实用于核对1816年至2007年间战争的日期和交战各方（Inter-State 和 Extra-State War Data v4.0，Intra-State War Data v4.1）。
本站不以任何形式再发布这些数据集；只出现经其核对的个别事实，并以我们自己的文字写成。
引用格式：Sarkees, M. R. & Wayman, F. (2010). Resort to War: 1816–2007. Washington DC: CQ Press.
Conflict Catalog（Peter Brecke）
要求注明出处用于查找1400年至1816年间的战争及其日期。
作者称其尚未完成，因此取自其中的每场战争和每个日期在使用前都经其他来源核对。未再发布任何内容。
引用格式：Brecke, P. (1999). Violent Conflicts 1400 A.D. to the Present in Different Regions of the World. Paper presented at the 1999 Meeting of the Peace Science Society (International), Ann Arbor, Michigan.
Natural Earth
公共领域疆域地图和战争地图底图中的海岸线与陆地轮廓。
将 1:50m 陆地图层裁剪为三个区域（欧洲、地中海、近东与尼罗河流域；东亚；美洲）并进行简化，每幅地图只加载所在区域。带疆域边界的战争地图使用所在区域的陆地；只有标记的战争地图使用全球陆地，以同样方式简化。
flag-icons
MIT标示各文明核心地区今属国家，以及战争各方今属国家的小旗帜。
原样复制；只提供应用中显示的旗帜。
Inter 与 Noto Sans SC
SIL 开源字体许可证 1.1拉丁文和中文所用字体，由本站自行托管。
只保留“同时代”用到的字符，让中文页面加载更快。
未使用：Seshat Global History Databank 自身的数据集，其许可仅限非商业用途。
数据中引用的全部文献（855）
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- Encyclopaedia Britannica. "Battle of Kadesh."
- Encyclopaedia Britannica. "Cambyses II."
- Encyclopaedia Britannica. "Caral."
- Encyclopaedia Britannica. "Chan Chan."
- Encyclopaedia Britannica. "Chavín."
- Encyclopaedia Britannica. "Chichén Itzá."
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- Encyclopaedia Britannica. "Cleopatra."
- Encyclopaedia Britannica. "Djoser."
- Encyclopaedia Britannica. "El Dorado."
- Encyclopaedia Britannica. "Huari."
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- Encyclopaedia Britannica. "Khufu."
- Encyclopaedia Britannica. "La Venta."
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- Encyclopaedia Britannica. "Mentuhotep II."
- Encyclopaedia Britannica. "Mixtec."
- Encyclopaedia Britannica. "Moche."
- Encyclopaedia Britannica. "Monte Albán."
- Encyclopaedia Britannica. "Muisca."
- Encyclopaedia Britannica. "Nazca Lines."
- Encyclopaedia Britannica. "Nazca."
- Encyclopaedia Britannica. "Nectanebo II."
- Encyclopaedia Britannica. "Olmec."
- Encyclopaedia Britannica. "Paracas."
- Encyclopaedia Britannica. "Piye."
- Encyclopaedia Britannica. "Psamtik I."
- Encyclopaedia Britannica. "Ptolemy I Soter."
- Encyclopaedia Britannica. "Ramses II."
- Encyclopaedia Britannica. "Sea People."
- Encyclopaedia Britannica. "Taharqa."
- Encyclopaedia Britannica. "Templo Mayor."
- Encyclopaedia Britannica. "Tenochtitlan."
- Encyclopaedia Britannica. "Teotihuacan."
- Encyclopaedia Britannica. "Thutmose III."
- Encyclopaedia Britannica. "Tikal."
- Encyclopaedia Britannica. "Tiwanaku."
- Encyclopaedia Britannica. "Toltec."
- Encyclopaedia Britannica. "Valdivia culture."
- Encyclopaedia Britannica. "Zapotec."
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- Seshat Global History Databank (2026). Cliopatria: a comprehensive geospatial dataset of world polities, version 0.2.0 (released 16 May 2026), cliopatria.geojson. CC BY 4.0. Changes made here: polygons for the Aztec Triple Alliance and their neighbours were extracted for 1 snapshot years, simplified with mapshaper 0.7.69 (Visvalingam, 25% of vertices kept), rounded to 0.01 degrees, and given shortened, translated labels. The map is cut to Mesoamerica, 106° W to 86° W and 13° N to 24° N.
- Seshat Global History Databank (2026). Cliopatria: a comprehensive geospatial dataset of world polities, version 0.2.0 (released 16 May 2026), cliopatria.geojson. CC BY 4.0. Changes made here: polygons for the Aztec Triple Alliance and their neighbours were extracted for 3 snapshot years, simplified with mapshaper 0.7.69 (Visvalingam, 25% of vertices kept), rounded to 0.01 degrees, and given shortened, translated labels. The 1428 map uses Cliopatria's 1440 rows, because its Tenochtitlan (1326-1428) and Triple Alliance (1429-1439) polygons lie 20-40 km off the island city; there is no map before 1428 for the same reason. The 1440 polygon still misses Azcapotzalco, the alliance's first conquest, by about 20 km.
- Seshat Global History Databank (2026). Cliopatria: a comprehensive geospatial dataset of world polities, version 0.2.0 (released 16 May 2026), cliopatria.geojson. CC BY 4.0. Changes made here: polygons for the Egyptian polities and their neighbours were extracted for 22 snapshot years, simplified with mapshaper 0.7.69 (Visvalingam, 20% of vertices kept), rounded to 0.01 degrees, and given shortened, translated labels. Where Cliopatria's rows lag the story (the reunification of c. 2040 BCE, the Hyksos Delta of c. 1650 BCE, Ahmose's victory of c. 1550 BCE, Thutmose III's conquests, Psamtik I's reunification of 656 BCE, the Persian conquests of 525 and 343 BCE, the Roman annexation of 30 BCE) the nearest later row is drawn. Cliopatria splits the Hyksos Delta between Hyksos, 15th Dynasty and 16th Dynasty polygons, drawn as it has them; its Levantine Hyksos, which it keeps to 1401 BCE, is drawn only up to 1550 BCE. Two Egyptian polygons are cut: in 1550 BCE at the Second Cataract (21.8° N), because the 1500 BCE row already holds Thutmose I's conquests in Nubia, and in 305 BCE to leave out Cyprus and Cilicia, since Ptolemy lost Cyprus to Demetrius in 306 BCE. In 700 BCE Kush's polygon, which then covers Egypt, is drawn as Egypt under the 25th Dynasty. Cliopatria has no polygon for Kerma, so Nubia before 1000 BCE is unmarked.
- Seshat Global History Databank (2026). Cliopatria: a comprehensive geospatial dataset of world polities, version 0.2.0 (released 16 May 2026), cliopatria.geojson. CC BY 4.0. Changes made here: polygons for the Frankish kingdoms and their neighbours were extracted for 9 snapshot years, simplified with mapshaper 0.7.69 (Visvalingam, 20% of vertices kept), rounded to 0.01 degrees, and given shortened, translated labels. The 843 map uses Cliopatria's first rows after the Treaty of Verdun, which it dates 850-859.
- Seshat Global History Databank (2026). Cliopatria: a comprehensive geospatial dataset of world polities, version 0.2.0 (released 16 May 2026), cliopatria.geojson. CC BY 4.0. Changes made here: polygons for the Han and Xin dynasties and their neighbours were extracted for 6 snapshot years, simplified with mapshaper 0.7.69 (Visvalingam, 20% of vertices kept), rounded to 0.01 degrees, and given shortened, translated labels. The 25 CE map uses Cliopatria's 30 CE rows, because its Xin rows run to 29 CE. The 184 CE map runs to the abdication in 220: Cliopatria's rows from 215 CE give the name 'Han dynasty' only to Liu Bei's lands, which would leave the Han court in Cao Cao's.
- Seshat Global History Databank (2026). Cliopatria: a comprehensive geospatial dataset of world polities, version 0.2.0 (released 16 May 2026), cliopatria.geojson. CC BY 4.0. Changes made here: polygons for the Holy Roman Empire and their neighbours were extracted for 12 snapshot years, simplified with mapshaper 0.7.69 (Visvalingam, 15% of vertices kept), rounded to 0.01 degrees, and given shortened, translated labels. From 1273 on, the empire is drawn as the union of the Cliopatria polities that were imperial estates, clipped to the empire's 1435 extent in Cliopatria plus Brabant and the Free County of Burgundy and less the Teutonic Order's Prussia, because from 1459 Cliopatria files only the small imperial states under the empire's name. The 1805 map uses Cliopatria's 1804 rows, because its 1805 France takes in Hanover and part of Hesse east of the Rhine; in both years Cliopatria leaves Cologne, Koblenz and (in 1804) Mainz, French since 1801, inside the empire.
- Seshat Global History Databank (2026). Cliopatria: a comprehensive geospatial dataset of world polities, version 0.2.0 (released 16 May 2026), cliopatria.geojson. CC BY 4.0. Changes made here: polygons for the Kingdom of Cusco and the Inca Empire and their neighbours were extracted for 6 snapshot years, simplified with mapshaper 0.7.69 (Visvalingam, 25% of vertices kept), rounded to 0.01 degrees, and given shortened, translated labels. Polities reaching beyond the Americas are cut at 30°W.
- Seshat Global History Databank (2026). Cliopatria: a comprehensive geospatial dataset of world polities, version 0.2.0 (released 16 May 2026), cliopatria.geojson. CC BY 4.0. Changes made here: polygons for the Ming and Southern Ming and their neighbours were extracted for 6 snapshot years, simplified with mapshaper 0.7.69 (Visvalingam, 20% of vertices kept), rounded to 0.01 degrees, and given shortened, translated labels. The 1368 map uses Cliopatria's 1375 rows, because it draws no Ming until then. From 1582 Cliopatria files the Mongol lands north of China under the Golden Horde's name; they are labelled Mongols here. The 1662 map uses Cliopatria's 1658 rows, its last with the Southern Ming in Yunnan; from 1662 it gives that name to the Zheng state on Taiwan.
- Seshat Global History Databank (2026). Cliopatria: a comprehensive geospatial dataset of world polities, version 0.2.0 (released 16 May 2026), cliopatria.geojson. CC BY 4.0. Changes made here: polygons for the Qing dynasty and their neighbours were extracted for 7 snapshot years, simplified with mapshaper 0.7.69 (Visvalingam, 15% of vertices kept), rounded to 0.01 degrees, and given shortened, translated labels. Cliopatria calls the Qing state Later Jin until 1644. The 1644 map uses its 1645 rows, the first after the fall of Beijing. From 1582 Cliopatria files the Mongol lands north of China under the Golden Horde's name; they are labelled Mongols here. Polities reaching far beyond East Asia are cut at 40°E and 170°E. Cliopatria keeps Tibet separate until 1793, so the 1722 map leaves it unfilled rather than outside the Qing protectorate set up in 1720. The 1864 map leaves Yunnan and the Sichuan basin unfilled: Cliopatria's 1859-1867 row gives them all to the Panthay Rebellion, which held western Yunnan, and cuts them out of the Qing.
- Seshat Global History Databank (2026). Cliopatria: a comprehensive geospatial dataset of world polities, version 0.2.0 (released 16 May 2026), cliopatria.geojson. CC BY 4.0. Changes made here: polygons for the Roman polities and their neighbours were extracted for 17 snapshot years, simplified with mapshaper 0.7.69 (Visvalingam, 25% of vertices kept), rounded to 0.01 degrees, and given shortened, translated labels.
- Seshat Global History Databank (2026). Cliopatria: a comprehensive geospatial dataset of world polities, version 0.2.0 (released 16 May 2026), cliopatria.geojson. CC BY 4.0. Changes made here: polygons for the Song dynasty and their neighbours were extracted for 5 snapshot years, simplified with mapshaper 0.7.69 (Visvalingam, 20% of vertices kept), rounded to 0.01 degrees, and given shortened, translated labels. The 960 map uses Cliopatria's first Song rows, from 961. The 1127 map uses its 1139 rows, because its rows for 1126-1138 still give the Song the north.
- Seshat Global History Databank (2026). Cliopatria: a comprehensive geospatial dataset of world polities, version 0.2.0 (released 16 May 2026), cliopatria.geojson. CC BY 4.0. Changes made here: polygons for the state and empire of Qin and their neighbours were extracted for 3 snapshot years, simplified with mapshaper 0.7.69 (Visvalingam, 25% of vertices kept), rounded to 0.01 degrees, and given shortened, translated labels. The 221 BCE map uses Cliopatria's 218 BCE rows, because its rows for 222-219 BCE still show Qi unconquered. The 214 BCE map uses its 212 BCE rows, the first to include the Ordos frontier Meng Tian took in 215-214 BCE.
- Seshat Global History Databank (2026). Cliopatria: a comprehensive geospatial dataset of world polities, version 0.2.0 (released 16 May 2026), cliopatria.geojson. CC BY 4.0. Changes made here: polygons for the Tang dynasty and their neighbours were extracted for 4 snapshot years, simplified with mapshaper 0.7.69 (Visvalingam, 20% of vertices kept), rounded to 0.01 degrees, and given shortened, translated labels. The 868 map leaves out Cliopatria's Qocho kingdom, because it gives Qocho Dunhuang, which the Guiyi Circuit held for the Tang from 851.
- Seshat Global History Databank (2026). Cliopatria: a comprehensive geospatial dataset of world polities, version 0.2.0 (released 16 May 2026), cliopatria.geojson. CC BY 4.0. Changes made here: polygons for the Yuan dynasty and their neighbours were extracted for 4 snapshot years, simplified with mapshaper 0.7.69 (Visvalingam, 15% of vertices kept), rounded to 0.01 degrees, and given shortened, translated labels. Before 1294, Cliopatria draws one Mongol Empire, so the 1260 and 1279 maps clip it to Cliopatria's 1294 extent of the Yuan and show the rest as the other khanates. The 1368 map uses Cliopatria's 1375 rows, because it draws no Ming until then.
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