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法兰西第一帝国
欧洲核心地区今属:法国
终点或定为1814年4月拿破仑第一次退位,或定为1815年他重返权力并在滑铁卢战败之后,后者是维基数据采用的终点。
机器翻译,尚未经母语者审校。
与此同时……
拿破仑·波拿巴以法国人的皇帝身份统治的帝国。它始于1804年12月的加冕,终于1814年的退位,其间1815年他重返权力,随后在滑铁卢战败。帝国的军队在欧洲各地与英国、奥地利、俄国和普鲁士组成的联盟作战,并留下了《拿破仑法典》。
同时期的其他文明
重要事件
12月2日,拿破仑在巴黎圣母院亲手为自己加冕为法国人的皇帝,教皇庇护七世在场
资料来源
- World History Encyclopedia, "Napoleon Bonaparte": the coronation was held at Notre-Dame de Paris on 2 December, where Napoleon took the crown and placed it on his own head.
- Encyclopedia.com, "Emperor Of France Napoleon I": in 1804 Napoleon crowned himself emperor at Notre Dame Cathedral, with Pope Pius VII present.
《民法典》(又称《拿破仑法典》)生效
该法典限制了已婚妇女的法律权利:按其第213条,妻子须服从丈夫。
资料来源
- Britannica, "Napoleonic Code": the Code civil des Français was enacted on 21 March 1804.
- Encyclopedia.com, "Napoleonic Code": the code as promulgated in 1804 drew on Roman and customary law; Article 213 gave the husband protection over his wife and the wife obedience to her husband, creating legal incapacity for married women.
12月2日,拿破仑在奥斯特里茨击败奥俄联军
资料来源
- Encyclopedia.com, "Austerlitz": the battle was fought on 2 December 1805 between the armies of France, Austria and Russia, commanded in person by Napoleon, Francis II and Alexander I.
- World History Encyclopedia, "Napoleon Bonaparte": he decisively defeated an Austro-Russian army at the Battle of Austerlitz (2 December 1805).
– 11月21日的《柏林敕令》开始实行大陆封锁,封锁英国贸易有争议
Encyclopedia.com将该体系定在1806至1813年;World History Encyclopedia则以1814年4月11日,即拿破仑退位之日,为其终点。
资料来源
- Encyclopedia.com, "Continental System": officially proclaimed by Napoleon's Berlin Decree of 21 November 1806, declaring the British Isles in a state of blockade; the system lasted 1806 to 1813.
- World History Encyclopedia, "Continental System": a blockade of British trade imposed from 21 November 1806 to 11 April 1814.
6月23日至24日,拿破仑率约61.5万法军和盟军渡过涅曼河进入俄国有争议
兵力和死亡人数是World History Encyclopedia的估算。死亡人数包括双方和平民,该文称其很可能超过一百万。
资料来源
- World History Encyclopedia, "Napoleon's Invasion of Russia": Napoleon crossed the Niemen on 23-24 June 1812; of the 615,000 French and allied troops who crossed, fewer than 100,000 came back, and the campaign caused approximately 1,000,000 total deaths.
- Encyclopedia.com, "Emperor Of France Napoleon I": Alexander I's decision to end Russia's cooperation with the Continental System led Napoleon to launch the 1812 invasion; he reached Moscow, but the tsar refused to negotiate.
4月,盟军攻占巴黎后,拿破仑在枫丹白露退位,被流放到厄尔巴岛有争议
各来源给出的1814年4月日期不同:Encyclopedia.com把让位于其子的退位定在4月4日,World History Encyclopedia则把他的退位定在4月11日。
资料来源
- World History Encyclopedia, "Napoleon Bonaparte": the Coalition invaded France, leaving Napoleon no choice but to abdicate on 11 April 1814.
- Encyclopedia.com, "Napoleon I": Paris fell to the Allies on 31 March 1814 and Napoleon abdicated at Fontainebleau (4 April 1814) in favour of his son; in April 1814 he was exiled to Elba.
拿破仑自3月起重掌权力,6月18日在滑铁卢被威灵顿和布吕歇尔击败,再次退位
资料来源
- World History Encyclopedia, "Napoleon Bonaparte": Napoleon landed in southern France on 1 March 1815 and was decisively defeated at the Battle of Waterloo (18 June 1815) by the forces of Wellington and Blücher.
- Encyclopedia.com, "Napoleon I": the Hundred Days ended when the emperor lost the Battle of Waterloo (18 June); he abdicated a second time on 22 June.