Iran

Timeline

Oldest first

1. War

   Greco-Persian Wars499–449 BCE

   Allied Greek city-states (the Hellenic League, then the Delian League)

   Athens, Sparta, Eretria, Plataea, Corinth and other allied Greek city-states, Ionian Greek cities of Asia Minor (in revolt 499–493 BCE and again from 479 BCE), Cypriot kingdoms under Onesilus of Salamis, all but Amathus (joined the Ionian Revolt, 497 BCE), and Egyptian rebels under Inaros, allied with the Delian League (about 460–454 BCE)

   against

   The Achaemenid Persian Empire and the Greek states that sided with it

   Achaemenid Empire and Macedon, a Persian vassal, with Thebes, Thessaly and other Greek states that sided with Persia in 480–479 BCE

   Persian forces left mainland Greece after 479 BCE and the Ionian cities broke away from Persian rule; fighting with the Delian League died out around 449 BCE, perhaps under a treaty, the Peace of Callias, whose existence is debated.

2. War

   Peloponnesian War431–404 BCE

   Athens and the Delian League

   Athens, Delian League cities of the Aegean islands and Greece, and allies such as Corcyra and Plataea, and Delian League cities of Asia Minor

   against

   Sparta, the Peloponnesian League and their allies

   Sparta, Corinth, Thebes and the other Peloponnesian League allies, Syracuse, and Achaemenid Persian Empire (allied with Sparta from 412 BCE; paid for its fleet)

   Athens surrendered in April 404 BCE: it pulled down its Long Walls, gave up its fleet and its overseas possessions, and was ruled for a short time by a Sparta-backed oligarchy, the Thirty.

3. War

   Mongol conquest of the Song dynasty1235–1279 CE

   The Mongol Empire and, from 1271, the Yuan dynasty

   Mongol Empire, Yuan dynasty, Northern Chinese "Han Army" troops and Song commanders and soldiers who changed sides, Troops of the Dali Kingdom (Yunnan), led by its Duan royal family under Mongol command after the Mongols took Dali in 1253, and Ilkhanate (sent the engineers who built counterweight trebuchets) (supporting)

   against

   The Southern Song dynasty

   Song dynasty

   The Song dynasty ended in 1279 and the Yuan dynasty of Kublai Khan ruled all of China.

4. War

   Soviet–Afghan War1979–1989 CE

   Soviet Union and the Democratic Republic of Afghanistan

   Soviet Union and Democratic Republic of Afghanistan (PDPA government)

   against

   Afghan mujahideen and their backers

   Afghan mujahideen, Pakistan (supporting), United States (supporting), Saudi Arabia (supporting), China (supporting), United Kingdom (supporting), Iran (supporting), and Egypt (supporting)

   The Soviet Union withdrew all its troops by 15 February 1989 without defeating the mujahideen; the war between the Afghan government and the mujahideen went on.

   At the same time here: Iran–Iraq War

5. War

   Iran–Iraq War1980–1988 CE

   Iran

   Iran

   against

   Iraq

   Iraq

   A UN-brokered ceasefire under Resolution 598 took effect on 20 August 1988 with neither side victorious; in 1990 Iraq withdrew from the last Iranian land it held and accepted the pre-war border.

   At the same time here: Soviet–Afghan War