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Qing dynasty清
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China
Hong Taiji named his Manchu state "Qing" in 1636, while it still ruled only Manchuria; Manchu forces did not take Beijing and claim the Chinese throne until 1644. The dynasty is usually said to end with the Xinhai Revolution in 1911, though Puyi's formal abdication edict was not signed until February 1912.
Before and after
In the Central Plains of China:Came before: Ming dynasty
Began later than anything else in Who Was When (its dates are disputed).
Compare with…Meanwhile…
- Holy Roman EmpireHeiliges Römisches Reich
Europe · By the 18th century the empire held over 1,800 separate territories, some no larger than a single village.
Compare - Maya civilization
Mesoamerica · Oldest hereThe Maya Long Count calendar tracks days in an unbroken count from a mythical starting point in 3114 BCE.
Compare - Ming dynasty明 China · Compare
Manchu clans from beyond the Great Wall took Beijing amid a Chinese civil war and built the largest, most populous empire China had ever had, roughly doubling its territory under a run of long-lived, capable emperors. Unable to answer industrialised Western and Japanese power in the 19th century, the dynasty spent its last decades losing wars and territory before a six-year-old emperor's abdication ended over two thousand years of imperial rule.
Also alive at the same time
Key events
Wars
First Opium War British EmpireUnited Kingdom (Royal Navy and British Army) and East India Company forces, with Indian troops
againstQing ChinaQing dynasty
In the Treaty of Nanking (29 August 1842) the Qing ceded Hong Kong Island to Britain, opened five ports to British trade and agreed to pay 21 million silver dollars.
Second Opium War Britain and FranceUnited Kingdom (Royal Navy and British Army), Indian regiments under British command, Second French Empire, and
United States (supporting)againstQing ChinaQing dynasty
In the Convention of Peking (October 1860) the Qing confirmed the Treaties of Tianjin, opened Tianjin to trade, ceded southern Kowloon to Britain and raised the indemnity to 8 million taels each for Britain and France.
French conquest of Vietnam France, with Spain (1858–1862) and local auxiliaries
France, Spain, with troops from the Spanish Philippines (1858–1862), and Vietnamese auxiliaries in French service, among them Cochinchinese riflemenagainstĐại Nam (Nguyễn dynasty), the Black Flag Army and Qing ChinaĐại Nam under the Nguyễn dynasty, Black Flag Army of Liu Yongfu, and Qing dynasty
By 1885 France ruled all of Vietnam: Cochinchina as a colony, Annam and Tonkin as protectorates; in the Treaty of Tientsin the Qing recognised the French protectorate.