Mongolia

Timeline

Oldest first

1. War

   Han–Xiongnu wars133 BCE – 89 CE

   The Han dynasty and its allies

   Han dynasty, Southern Xiongnu (allied with the Han from 50 CE), Xin dynasty of Wang Mang (9–23 CE, between the Western and Eastern Han), which massed troops on the frontier against the Xiongnu, Wusun (attacked the Xiongnu from the west alongside the Han offensive of 71 BCE), Wuhuan (scouts for the Han against the Xiongnu after 119 BCE; settled inside the frontier as Han auxiliaries from 49 CE), Xianbei (attacked the northern Xiongnu for the Han from about 49 CE and killed the chanyu Youliu in 87 CE), and Qiang horsemen in Dou Xian's army of 89 CE

   against

   The Xiongnu and their allies

   Xiongnu confederation (from 48 CE, the northern Xiongnu), Wuhuan and Xianbei, Xiongnu subjects who at times raided Han lands with them, until both changed sides by about 49 CE, and Western Qiang, who attacked Han towns in 112 BCE in league with the Xiongnu

   The northern Xiongnu state was broken and its remnants moved west; the southern Xiongnu lived under Han rule inside the frontier, and the Han held the Hexi Corridor and, for long periods, the Tarim Basin.

2. War

   Mongol conquest of the Song dynasty1235–1279 CE

   The Mongol Empire and, from 1271, the Yuan dynasty

   Mongol Empire, Yuan dynasty, Northern Chinese "Han Army" troops and Song commanders and soldiers who changed sides, Troops of the Dali Kingdom (Yunnan), led by its Duan royal family under Mongol command after the Mongols took Dali in 1253, and Ilkhanate (sent the engineers who built counterweight trebuchets) (supporting)

   against

   The Southern Song dynasty

   Song dynasty

   The Song dynasty ended in 1279 and the Yuan dynasty of Kublai Khan ruled all of China.